3. State Prochaska and DiClimenti\u2019s stages of change.<\/strong><\/p>\nStage 1: Not interested in change. (Precontemplation)
\n The client does not see a reason to change their behaviour<\/p>\n
Stage 2: Thinking about change. (Contemplation)
\n The client is becoming aware of the benefits of change\/ the risks of not changing.<\/p>\n
Stage 3: Preparing to change. (Determination)
\n They see benefit in changing, and believe they are now able. They now need the know-how, support and
\n tools to be able to change.<\/p>\n
Stage 4: Making Changes. (Action)
\n This is when clients start living differently, and take action that will change old behavioural
\n patterns. The client needs goals, planning, support and rewards.<\/p>\n
Stage 5: Maintaining Change. (Maintenance)<\/p>\n
Old patterns have changed. New patterns have been established, and constant support is required to avoid relapsing, so that the new behavioural patterns can remain and improve the client\u2019s lifestyle. <\/p>\n
4. What do we see as being necessary for certain clients in the action stage of change?<\/strong><\/p>\nA clear goal, realistic planning, support, and rewards is necessary for clients in the \u2018Action\u2019 stage who are breaking away from old behavioural patterns.<\/p>\n
5. Identify the process of the maintenance stage of change.<\/strong><\/p>\nThe old behavioural patterns are broken. The client is settling into his new, changed behaviour. The client is no longer undergoing a process of change, but rather sustaining a new way of living. This is often difficult, and may take time. Support and vigilance is required to avoid a relapse.<\/p>\n
6. When relapse does occur what action should the counsellor take?<\/strong><\/p>\nThe counsellor reassures that relapse is a normal occurrence. The cycle of the five stages in them repeated.<\/p>\n
7. State the eliciting phase skills.<\/strong><\/p>\nAlways ask open-ended questions.
\n-allow client to elaborate. Not yes\/no.<\/p>\n
Reflective Listening
\nFrequently and accurately reflect back what client has said<\/p>\n
Affirm
\nSupportive statements of understanding appreciation<\/p>\n
Summarise
\nAid client in hearing self- motivational statements.
\nShow client you have been listening by reinforcing and linking said information
\n
\n8. Give the framework for the general approach.<\/strong><\/p>\nEmpathy Expression
\nAllow client to feel accepted, safe, being attentively and sincerely listened to in a non robotic manner.<\/p>\n
Discrepancy development
\nUnderstanding the difference between current client behaviour and goals is key for change.<\/p>\n
Avoiding Arguments
\nArguing forms a barrier between client and counsellor, and does not create an environment in which the client will open up.<\/p>\n
Roll with Resistance.
\nResistance helps you to know when to change tactics<\/p>\n
Support of Self Efficacy
\nThe client is responsible for his\/her achievement of goals and change
\nBelief that the client has the ability is important <\/p>\n
9. What are seen as the points of focus during the negotiation phase?<\/strong><\/p>\nWhat the client wants to change
\nThe goal of change
\nThe means of achieving the goal
\nWhere to begin<\/p>\n